三、单词、短语和从句
单词（words）
句子的各成分在很多情况下均由单词表示，如：
（1）主语都由名词或代词充当，有时也可由数词、动名词等充当：
We are proud of our country.
Three of us are going by boat.
Smoking is prohibited.
（2）谓语都由动词或动词短语充当，有时由短语动词（phrasal verbs）表示：
We’ve been worrying about you.
We’d better take their advice.
I’ll take care of him.
（3）表语可由名词、代词、形容词等充当：
The plan sounds great.
You look charming today.
（4）宾语常由名词或代词等充当：
Give me something to read.
How many do you want? I want two.
（5）定语常由形容词和代词（又称限定词determiners）或数词充当：
Los Angeles is the second largest city in the U.S.
Three people were injured in the accident.
短语（phrases）
可以担任句子成分的短语很多，常见的有：
（1）介词短语（prepositional phrases）：
We went swimming in the lake.（作状语）
He gazed at a portrait on the wall.（作定语）
She was in her early twenties.（作表语）
（2）不定式短语（infinitive phrases）：
To ignore this would be a mistake.（作主语）
Her wish was to become an artist.（作表语）
They love to listen to fairy tales.（作宾语）
It’s time to go to bed.（作定语）
I’m sorry to hear it.（作状语）
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