1贵金属元素化学001
1.1贵金属的电子层结构和氧化态001
1.2贵金属的主要物理性质002
1.3贵金属的主要化学性质004
1.4贵金属重要化合物005
1.4.1氧化物 005
1.4.2氢氧化物007
1.4.3硫化物008
1.4.4卤化物009
1.4.5硝酸盐012
1.4.6氰化物012
1.4.7硫酸盐013
1.5贵金属重要配合物013
1.5.1金配合物014
1.5.2银配合物014
1.5.3钯配合物016
1.5.4铂配合物018
1.5.5铑配合物019
1.5.6铱配合物021
1.5.7锇配合物022
1.5.8钌配合物023
1.6贵金属在酸性氯化物介质中的主要存在形式024
参考文献025
2贵金属的分离方法026
2.1贵金属物料的溶解026
2.1.1易溶物料的溶解026
2.1.2难溶物料的溶解029
2.1.3贵金属物料溶解动力学036
2.2浓硫酸浸煮法分离贱金属039
2.3蒸馏法选择性分离锇、钌040
2.3.1锇、钌的化学性质040
2.3.2锇、钌的蒸馏方法041
2.3.3中国贵金属精矿蒸馏锇、钌的工艺流程044
2.4蒸残液的预处理047
2.5置换法048
2.5.1铜粉置换法从脱胶液中置换金、钯、铂049
2.5.2锌、镁粉置换法从一次置换液中置换铑、铱054
2.6还原法055
2.6.1还原法分离贵、贱金属055
2.6.2选择性还原法分离金056
2.7沉淀法058
2.7.1影响沉淀分离的因素058
2.7.2沉淀法分离贵、贱金属059
2.7.3选择性沉淀法分离金、钯062
2.7.4选择性沉淀钯062
2.7.5选择性沉淀铂066
2.7.6选择性沉淀铑069
2.7.7贵金属传统沉淀分离工艺070
2.8水解法071
2.8.1氧化水解法分离铂071
2.8.2亚硝酸钠配合水解沉淀法072
2.9氨水配位法分离钯072
2.10无水二氯化钯结晶法分离钯072
2.11萃取法073
2.11.1溶剂萃取分离贵金属概况073
2.11.2贵金属萃取分离工艺075
2.12离子交换法079
2.12.1离子交换法分离贱金属精炼贵金属079
2.12.2离子交换树脂提取分离贵金属080
2.13固相萃取技术084
2.13.1概述084
2.13.2固相萃取技术分离金085
2.13.3固相萃取技术分离钯090
2.14分子识别技术092
2.14.1分子识别技术（MRT）的基本原理092
2.14.2在贵金属矿产资源中的应用093
2.14.3在贵金属二次资源中的应用099
2.14.4在电解液净化等领域中的应用103
2.14.5在核燃料后处理中的应用108
2.14.6国内相关研究概况108
参考文献112
3金的精炼工艺116
3.1概述116
3.2金的火法精炼117
3.2.1火法氧化精炼法 117
3.2.2氯化精炼法119
3.2.3温和氯化法123
3.3金的电解精炼123
3.3.1金电解精炼原理124
3.3.2金电解时杂质的行为126
3.3.3金电解精炼实践129
3.4电解精炼金闭路循环新工艺J工艺137
3.4.1J工艺的流程138
3.4.2J工艺的构成138
3.4.3J工艺的物料平衡139
3.4.4J工艺金的质量140
3.5金的化学精炼141
3.5.1粗金及氰化金泥的预处理方法141
3.5.2金的溶解造液方法146
3.5.3金的化学还原精炼156
3.5.4控制电势还原法167
3.6Boliden金精炼工艺170
3.6.1工艺流程170
3.6.2主要工艺技术条件170
3.6.3成本分析173
3.6.4Boliden工艺特点174
3.7自动催化还原精炼法175
3.8氯氨净化法176
3.9焦家金矿金泥精炼工艺177
3.9.1工艺操作程序178
3.9.2工艺技术条件178
3.10金的萃取法精炼179
3.10.1广东高要河台金矿金精炼工艺180
3.10.2福建紫金矿业集团金精炼工艺183
3.10.3南非MinataurTM溶剂萃取法精炼金新工艺185
3.10.4氰化浸出-三烷基甲基氯化铵萃取-电积法190
3.10.5王水溶解-二异辛基硫醚萃取精炼法191
3.10.6混合醇（C7~C10）-磷酸三丁酯（TBP）萃取精炼法192
3.10.7电解含金有机萃取相制备高纯金194
3.1199.999%（5N）高纯金精炼工艺194
3.11.1电解法195
3.11.2二次氯化-二次还原法201
3.11.3溶剂萃取法204
3.12黄金精炼技术展望207
3.12.1金电解工艺与溶剂萃取精炼工艺对比207
3.12.2金电解工艺与化学精炼工艺对比211
3.12.3化学精炼工艺与溶剂萃取精炼工艺对比212
参考文献212
4银的精炼工艺214
4.1概述214
4.2银的火法精炼214
4.2.1银的火法精炼原理214
4.2.2银的火法精炼方法215
4.3银的电解精炼218
4.3.1银的电解精炼原理218
4.3.2银电解中杂质的行为219
4.3.3硝酸银电解液的组成及制备221
4.3.4银电解槽222
4.3.5银电解精炼实践224
4.3.6银电解主要技术经济指标226
4.3.7阳极泥及废电解液处理229
4.4银的化学法精炼242
4.4.1氯化银液相化学还原精炼法242
4.4.2氯化银高温熔炼还原精炼法253
4.5银的萃取法精炼255
4.5.1二异辛基硫醚S219萃取精炼银255
4.5.2电解含银萃取有机相制备高纯银257
参考文献257
5钯的精炼工艺259
5.1概述259
5.2氯钯酸铵反复沉淀法259
5.2.1钯的溶解造液259
5.2.2氯化铵反复沉淀法261
5.3二氯二氨配亚钯法263
5.3.1溶解造液263
5.3.2除银赶硝263
5.3.3氨水配合264
5.3.4酸化沉淀265
5.3.5煅烧与氢还原265
5.3.6水合肼还原266
5.4钯的萃取精炼工艺270
5.4.1二正辛基硫醚DOS萃取分离钯271
5.4.2二正庚基硫醚DNHS萃取分离钯271
5.4.3二异戊基硫醚DIAS或S201萃取分离钯272
5.4.48-羟基喹啉类萃取剂HQ萃取分离钯273
5.5中国钯的精炼工艺273
5.5.1钯精炼工艺流程273
5.5.2主要工艺过程273
参考文献275
6铂的精炼工艺276
6.1概述276
6.2王水溶解-氯化铵反复沉淀法276
6.2.1方法原理276
6.2.2作业过程277
6.3还原溶解-氯化铵反复沉淀法279
6.3.1方法原理279
6.3.2作业过程280
6.3.3方法特点281
6.4铂的氧化水解法284
6.4.1铂的造液方法284
6.4.2氧化水解法精炼铂的原理284
6.4.3铂的水解作业过程286
6.5载体水解法289
6.5.1溶解造液289
6.5.2除金289
6.5.3除钯290
6.5.4载体水解290
6.6高纯铂的制取291
6.6.1载体水解-离子交换法291
6.6.2氧化载体水解-离子交换-氨气沉淀法291
6.7碱溶-还原法292
6.7.1方法概述292
6.7.2操作过程293
6.7.3实验结果293
6.8二氯二氨合铂Ⅱ法294
6.9二亚硝基二氨合铂Ⅱ法294
6.10还原-溶解法295
6.10.1方法原理295
6.10.2工艺流程296
6.10.3作业过程296
6.11电解精炼法298
6.12铂的萃取精炼工艺298
6.12.1磷酸三丁酯TBP萃取精炼铂299
6.12.2三正辛胺TOA萃取精炼铂299
6.12.3三烷基胺N235、7301萃取精炼铂300
6.12.4氨基羧酸萃取精炼铂300
6.13中国的铂精炼工艺301
6.13.1铂精炼工艺流程301
6.13.2主要工艺过程301
参考文献303
7铑的精炼工艺304
7.1概述304
7.2亚硝酸钠配合法304
7.2.1铑的溶解304
7.2.2亚硝酸钠配合307
7.2.3硫化沉淀法除杂质307
7.2.4用亚硫酸铵精炼除铱309
7.2.5氯化铵沉淀309
7.2.6铑的还原309
7.2.7氢还原310
7.3氨化法310
7.3.1五氨化法310
7.3.2三氨化法311
7.4加压氢还原法311
7.5铑的萃取精炼工艺312
7.5.1离子交换-TBP萃取法313
7.5.2TRPO萃取-离子交换法315
7.6中国铑的精炼工艺316
7.6.1铑精炼工艺流程316
7.6.2主要工艺过程316
参考文献319
8铱的精炼工艺320
8.1概述320
8.2硫化法320
8.2.1铱的溶解320
8.2.2氯铱酸铵沉淀321
8.2.3氯铱酸铵的还原321
8.2.4硫化铵除杂质321
8.2.5离子交换除贱金属322
8.2.6氯铱酸铵再沉淀324
8.2.7煅烧-氢还原324
8.2.8沉铱母液、还原渣及硫化渣的回收325
8.3亚硝酸钠配合法325
8.4加压氢还原法326
8.5萃取法精炼铱327
8.5.1三烷基氧膦TRPO萃取精炼法327
8.5.2磷酸三丁酯TBP萃取精炼法330
8.5.3三烷基胺N235萃取精炼法330
8.6中国铱的精炼工艺331
8.6.1铑铱溶液的净化331
8.6.2TBP分离铑、铱332
8.6.3铱的精炼333
参考文献335
9锇、钌的精炼工艺336
9.1概述336
9.2锇的精炼工艺336
9.2.1还原沉淀法336
9.2.2硫化钠沉淀法336
9.2.3二次蒸馏法337
9.2.4氢直接还原OsO4或Na2OsO4法338
9.2.5中国的锇精炼工艺338
9.3钌的精炼工艺342
9.3.1粗钌的精炼工艺342
9.3.2钌吸收液的二次蒸馏法342
9.3.3硝酸赶锇-二次蒸馏法343
9.3.4萃取法精炼钌344
9.3.5中国的钌精炼工艺344
参考文献348
10光谱分析用高纯贵金属基体的制备349
10.1概述349
10.2金基体的制备350
10.2.1金锭产品标准350
10.2.2光谱分析用高纯金基体的制备351
10.3钯基体的制备352
10.3.1海绵钯产品标准352
10.3.2光谱分析用高纯钯基体的制备354
10.3.3光谱分析用高纯钯基体国家标准YST 832006355
10.4铂基体的制备355
10.4.1海绵铂产品标准355
10.4.2光谱分析用高纯铂基体的制备357
10.4.3光谱分析用高纯铂基体行业标准YST 822006358
10.5铑基体的制备359
10.5.1铑粉产品标准359
10.5.2光谱分析用高纯铑基体的制备361
10.5.3光谱分析用高纯铑基体国家标准YST 852006362
10.6铱基体的制备363
10.6.1铱粉产品标准363
10.6.2光谱分析用高纯铱基体的制备364
10.6.3光谱分析用高纯铱基体国家标准YST 842006366
10.7钌基体的制备367
10.7.1钌粉产品标准367
10.7.2光谱分析用高纯钌基体的制备367
参考文献368
附录370
1上海黄金交易所可提供标准金锭企业名单370
2上海黄金交易所可提供标准金条企业名单371
3上海期货交易所金锭注册商标、包装标准及升贴水标准372
4上海黄金交易所可提供标准银锭企业名单373
5美国材料与试验学会ASTM及俄罗斯贵金属产品标准ГОСТ374
1The Element Chemistry of Precious Metals001
1.1The Electric Structure and Oxidation State of Precious Metals001
1.2The Main Physical Properties of Precious Metals002
1.3The Main Chemical Properties of Precious Metals004
1.4The Important Compounds of Precious Metals005
1.4.1Oxide005
1.4.2Hydroxide007
1.4.3Sulfide008
1.4.4Chloride009
1.4.5Nitrate012
1.4.6Cyanide012
1.4.7Sulphate013
1.5The Important Complexes of Precious Metals013
1.5.1Gold Complexes014
1.5.2Silver Complexes014
1.5.3Palladium Complexes016
1.5.4Platinum Complexes018
1.5.5Rhodium Complexes019
1.5.6Iridium Complexes021
1.5.7Osmium Complexes022
1.5.8Ruthenium Complexes023
1.6The Main Species of Precious Metals in Hydrochloride Acid Medium 024
References025
2The Separation Methods of Precious Metals026
2.1The Resolve of Precious Metals Materials026
2.1.1The Resolve of Easy Precious Metals Materials026
2.1.2The Resolve of Hard Precious Metals Materials029
2.1.3The Resolve Kinetics of Precious Metals Materials036
2.2Separation Base Metals by Boiling in Concentrated Sulphuric Acid039
2.3Selection Separation Osmium and Ruthenium by Distillation０40
2.3.1The Chemical Properties of Osmium and Ruthenium 040
2.3.2The Properties and Synthesis of Sodium Chlorate and its Chemical
Reaction041
2.3.3The Flowsheet of Distillation of Osmium and Ruthenium from Concentrate in
China044
2.4The Pretreatment of Distillation Raffinate047
2.5Cementation Methods048
2.5.1Cementation of Gold, Palladium and Platinum by Copper Powder
from Feed Removed Silicon 049
2.5.2Cementation of Rhodium and Iridium by Zinc and Magnesium Powder from
Raffinate of Copper Cementation054
2.6Reduction Methods055
2.6.1Separation of Base Metals and Precious Metals by Reduction Methods055
2.6.2Selection Separation of Gold by Reduction Methods056
2.7Precipitation Methods058
2.7.1The Influence Factor of Precipitation Separation058
2.7.2Separation of Base Metals and Precious Metals by Precipitation Methods059
2.7.3Precipitated Gold and Palladium Selectively062
2.7.4Precipitated Palladium Selectively062
2.7.5Precipitated Platinum Selectively066
2.7.6Selection Separation of Rhodium by Precipitation Methods069
2.7.7The Traditional Precipitation Separation Flowsheet of Precious Metals070
2.8Hydrolysis Methods071
2.8.1Separation of Platinum by Oxidation and Hydrolysis Methods071
2.8.2Complex and Hydrolysis Methods by Sodium Nitrite072
2.9Separation of Palladium by Ammonia Complex072
2.10Separation of Palladium by Crystallization of PdCl2072
2.11Solvent Extraction Separation Methods073
2.11.1Introduction to Solvent Extraction Separation of Precious Metals073
2.11.2The Technologies of Solvent Extraction for Precious Metals075
2.12Ion Exchange Methods079
2.12.1The Refining of Precious Metals by Separation Base Metals Through Ion
Exchange079
2.12.2The Extraction and Separation of Precious Metals by Ion Exchange Resin080
2.13Solid Phase ExtractionSPE084
2.13.1Introduction of SPE084
2.13.2Separation of Gold by SPE085
2.13.3Separation of Palladium by SPE090
2.14Molecular Recognition TechnologyMRT092
2.14.1The Principle of MRT092
2.14.2The Application of MRT in Precious Metals Mineral Resources093
2.14.3The Application of MRT in Precious Metals Secondary Resources099
2.14.4The Application of MRT in the Purification of Electrolyte103
2.14.5The Application of MRT in the Waste Water from Nuclear Fuels108
2.14.6The Research Situation of MRT in Domestic108
References112
3The Refining Technology of Gold 116
3.1Introduction116
3.2The Pyrometallurgy Refining Technology of Gold117
3.2.1The Pyrometallurgy Oxidation Refining Technology of Gold 117
3.2.2Chlorination Refining Technology of Gold119
3.2.3Moderate Chlorination Refining Technology of Gold 123
3.3The Electrolysis Refining Technology of Gold123
3.3.1The Principle of The Electrolysis Refining Technology of Gold124
3.3.2The Impurities Behaviour in Gold Electrolysis126
3.3.3The Practice of Electrolysis Refining Technology of Gold129
3.4A New Closed Cycle Electrolysis Refining TechnologyJ Technology137
3.4.1The Flowsheet of J Technology138
3.4.2The Composition of J Technology138
3.4.3The Materials Equilibrium of J Technology139
3.4.4The Gold Quality of J Technology140
3.5The Chemical Refining Technology of Gold141
3.5.1Pretreatment Methods of Crude Gold and Cyanidation Slime141
3.5.2Dissolution Methods of Gold146
3.5.3Refining Gold by Chemical Reduction Refining156
3.5.4Reduction by Control Potential167
3.6Refining Technology of Gold in Boliden170
3.6.1The Flowsheet of Boliden Technology170
3.6.2The Main Technologies Conditions170
3.6.3The Analysis of Production Cost173
3.6.4The Advantages of Boliden Technology174
3.7Auto Catalysis Reduction Refining Technology of Gold175
3.8Purification of Gold by Chlorine and Ammonia176
3.9Refining Technology in Jiaojia Gold Ore of China177
3.9.1The Flowsheet178
3.9.2The Main Technologies Conditions178
3.10Solvent Extraction Refining of Gold179
3.10.1Refining Technology in Gaoyao Hetai Gold Ore in China180
3.10.2Refining Technology in Zijin Group Corporation in China183
3.10.3The New MinataurTM Refining Technologies of Gold in South African185
3.10.4Leaching in Cyanide-Solvent Extraction Gold by Ammonium Trialkylmethyl
Chloride-Electric Deposition190
3.10.5Resolve by Aqua Reqia and Solvent Extraction Gold by Di-isooctyl
Sulphide191
3.10.6Solvent Extraction Gold by Mixer AlcoholC7～C10-Tributylphosphate
TBP192
3.10.7Preparation High Purity Gold by Electrolysis Loaded Oil Phase194
3.1199.999% High Purity Gold Refining Technology194
3.11.1Electrolysis Method195
3.11.2Second Chlorination-Second Reduction Method 201
3.11.3Solvent Extraction Method204
3.12The Prospect of Gold Refining Technology207
3.12.1Comparative Analysis Between Electrolysis Refining Technologies and
Solvent Extraction Refining Technologies207
3.12.2Comparative Analysis Between Electrolysis Refining Technologies and
Chemical Refining Technologies211
3.12.3Comparative Analysis Between Chemical Refining Technologies and Solvent
Extraction Refining Technologies212
References212
4The Refining Technology of Silver214
4.1Introduction214
4.2The Pyrometallurgy Refining Technology of Silver214
4.2.1The Principle of the Pyrometallurgy Refining Technology of Silver214
4.2.2The Methods of the Pyrometallurgy Refining Technology of Silver215
4.3The Electrolysis Refining Technology of Silver218
4.3.1The Principle of the Electrolysis Refining Technology of Silver218
4.3.2The Impurities Behaviour in Silver Electrolysis219
4.3.3The Compositions and Preparation of Silver Nitrate Electrolyte221
4.3.4Electrolysis Groove of Silver222
4.3.5The Practice of the Electrolysis Refining Technology of Silver224
4.3.6The main Technologies and Economic Index226
4.3.7Anode Slime and Dispose of Spent Electrolyte229
4.4The Chemical Refining Technology of Silver242
4.4.1The Refining Silver by Reduction Silver Chloride in Aqueous242
4.4.2The Refining Silver by Melting Silver Chloride in High Temperature253
4.5Solvent Extraction Refining of Silver255
4.5.1Solvent Extraction Silver by Di-isooctyl SulphideS219255
4.5.2Preparation High Purity Silver by Electrolysis Loaded Oil Phase257
References257
5The Refining Technology of Palladium259
5.1Introduction259
5.2Repeatedly Precipitation by Ammonium Palladic Chloride 259
5.2.1Resolve of Palladium259
5.2.2Repeatedly Precipitation by Ammonium Chloride261
5.3The Methods of Palladium Diammine Dichloride263
5.3.1Resolve of Palladium263
5.3.2Removing Silver and Driving Nitro Group263
5.3.3Complex with Ammonia264
5.3.4Acidication with Hydrochloric Acid265
5.3.5Calcination and Reduction by Hydrogen265
5.3.6Reduction by Hydrazine Hydration266
5.4Solvent Extraction Refining Technology of Palladium270
5.4.1Extraction and Separation of Palladium by Di-n-octyl SulphideDOS 271
5.4.2Extraction and Separation of Palladium by Di-n-heptyl SulphideDNHS 271
5.4.3Extraction and Separation of Palladium by Diisoamyl SulphideS201272
5.4.4Extraction and Separation of Palladium by 8-Hydroxyl QuinolineHQ 273
5.5The Refining Technology of Palladium in China273
5.5.1Palladium Refining Flowsheet in China273
5.5.2The Main Process273
References 275
6The Refining Technology of Platinum276
6.1Introduction276
6.2Resolve by Aqua Reqia and Repeatedly Precipitation by Ammonium Chloride276
6.2.1Principle 276
6.2.2Operations277
6.3Dissolution by Reduction and Repeatedly Precipitation by Ammonium Chloride279
6.3.1Dissolution of Crude Platinum279
6.3.2Precipitation by Ammonium Chloride280
6.3.3Characteristic of the Method Resolve of Ammonium Chloroplatinate281
6.4Oxidation and Hydrolysis Methods284
6.4.1Dissolution of Platinum284
6.4.2The Refining Principle of Oxidation and Hydrolysis Methods284
6.4.3Operations286
6.5Hydrolysis in Carrier Methods289
6.5.1Dissolution of Platinum289
6.5.2Removing Gold289
6.5.3Removing Palladium290
6.5.4Hydrolysis in Carrier290
6.6The Preparation of High Purity Platinum291
6.6.1Hydrolysis in Carrier -Ion Exchange Methods291
6.6.2Hydrolysis in Carrier -Ion Exchange-Precipitation by Ammonia Methods291
6.7Dissolution in Alkaline-Reduction Methods292
6.7.1Ｐrinciple292
6.7.2Operations293
6.7.3Experimental result293
6.8The Methods of PlatinumⅡ Diammine Dichloride294
6.9The Methods of PlatinumⅡ Diammine Dinitrous294
6.10Reduction- Resolve Methods295
6.10.1Principle295
6.10.2Flowsheet296
6.10.3Operations296
6.11The Electrolysis Refining Technology of Platinum298
6.12Solvent Extraction Refining Technology of Platinum298
6.12.1Solvent Extraction Refining Technology of Platinum by Tributylphosphate
TBP299
6.12.2Solvent Extraction Refining Technology of Platinum by Tri-n-octylamine
TOA299
6.12.3Solvent Extraction Refining Technology of Platinum by Trialkylamine
N235,7301300
6.12.4Solvent Extraction Refining Technology of Platinum by Amino Carboxylic
Acid300
6.13The Refining Technology of Platinum in China301
6.13.1Platinum Refining Flowsheet in China301
6.13.2The Main Process301
References303
7The Refining Technology of Rhodium304
7.1Introduction304
7.2Complex with Sodium Nitrous304
7.2.1Resolve of Rhodium304
7.2.2Complex with Sodium Nitrous307
7.2.3Removing Impurity by Sulphidation307
7.2.4Removing Iridium by Ammonium Nitrous309
7.2.5Precipitation by Ammonium Chloride309
7.2.6Reduction of Rhodium309
7.2.7Reduction of Rhodium by Hydrogen310
7.3Ammoniation Methods310
7.3.1Amylammoniation Methods310
7.3.2Triamylammoniation Methods311
7.4Reduction of Rhodium by Pressure Hydrogen311
7.5Solvent Extraction Refining Technology of Rhodium312
7.5.1Cation Ion Exchange-Solvent Extration by TBP313
7.5.2Solvent Extraction by TRPO-Cation Ion Exchange315
7.6The Refining Technology of Rhodium in China316
7.6.1Rhodium Refining Flowsheet in China316
7.6.2The Main Process316
References319
8The Refining Technology of Iridium320
8.1Introduction320
8.2Sulphidation Methods320
8.2.1Dissolution of Iridium320
8.2.2Precipitation of Ammonium Chloroiridinate 321
8.2.3Reduction of Ammonium Chloroiridinate321
8.2.4Removing Impurity by Ammonium Sulphide321
8.2.5Removing Base metals by Ion Exchange322
8.2.6Repeatedly Precipitation of Ammonium Chloroiridinate324
8.2.7Calcination and Reduction by Hydrogen324
8.2.8The Recovery of Precipitation Raffinate by Ammonium Chloride, Reduction
Residue and Sulfide Residue325
8.3Complex with Sodium Nitrous325
8.4Reduction of Iridium by Pressure Hydrogen326
8.5Solvent Extraction Refining Technology of Iridium327
8.5.1Extraction and Separation of Iridium by Trialkylphosphine OxideTRPO 327
8.5.2Extraction and Separation of IridiumⅣ by TributylphosphateTBP 330
8.5.3Extraction and Separation of IridiumⅣ by TrialkylamineN235 330
8.6The Refining Technology of Iridium in China331
8.6.1Solution Purification of Rhodium and Iridium331
8.6.2Extraction and Separation of Rhodium and Iridium by Tributylphosphate
TBP332
8.6.3Refining of Iridium333
References335
9The Refining Technology of Osmium and Ruthenium336
9.1Introduction336
9.2The Refining Technology of Osmium336
9.2.1Reduction-Precipitation Methods336
9.2.2Precipitation by Sodium Sulphide336
9.2.3Twice Distillation Methods337
9.2.4Reduction of OsO4 or Na2OsO6 by Hydrogen338
9.2.5The Refining Technology of Osmium in China338
9.3The Refining Technology of Ruthenium342
9.3.1The Refining Technology of Crude Ruthenium342
9.3.2Twice Distillation Methods of Absorb Solution in Ruthenium342
9.3.3Removing Osmium by Nitric Acid-Twice Distillation Methods343
9.3.4Solvent Extraction Refining Technology of Ruthenium344
9.3.5The Refining Technology of Ruthenium in China344
References 348
10The Preparation Methods of High Purity Matrices for Spectroscopic
Analysis of the Precious Metals349
10.1Introduction349
10.2The Preparation of Gold Matrices350
10.2.1The Standards of Gold Powder 350
10.2.2The Preparation of Gold Matrices351
10.3The Preparation of Palladium Matrices352
10.3.1The Standards of Sponge Palladium352
10.3.2The Preparation of Palladium Matrices354
10.3.3The National Standards for High Purity Palladium Matrices
YST 832006355
10.4The Preparation of Platinum Matrices355
10.4.1The Standards of SpongePlatinum355
10.4.2The Preparation of Platinum Matrices357
10.4.3The National Standards for High Purity Platinum Matrices
YST 822006358
10.5The Preparation of Rhodium Matrices359
10.5.1The Standards of Rhodium Powder359
10.5.2ThePreparation of Rhodium Matrices361
10.5.3The National Standards for High Purity Rhodium Matrices
YST 852006362
10.6The Preparation of Iridium Matrices363
10.6.1The Standards ofIridium Powder363
10.6.2The Preparation of Iridium Matrices364
10.6.3The National Standards for High Purity Iridium Matrices
YST 832006366
10.7The Preparation of Ruthenium Matrices367
10.7.1The Standards ofRuthenium Powder367
10.7.2ThePreparation of Ruthenium Matrices367
References368
Appendix370
1The Enterprise List of Supply Standard Gold Ingot for Shanghai Gold Exchange370
2The Enterprise List of Supply Standard Gold Bar for Shanghai Gold Exchange371
3Registered Trademark, Package Standard and Rise or Down Standard of Gold
Ingot in Shanghai Futures Exchange372
4The Enterprise List of Supply Standard Silver Ingot for Shanghai Gold Exchange373
5The Product Standards of Precious Metals in ASTM of American and in ГОСТ of
Russia374
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