Acknowledgements
前言
Abstract
Chapter 1 Introduction
1．1 Interlanguage Pragmatic Development
1．2 Hedging in ILP Development
1．3 Plan of the Book
Chapter 2 Interlanguage Pragmatic Development： Review
and Methodology
2．1 Reviewing L2 Pragmatic Development
2．1．1 Development of L2 Discourse Ability
2．1．2 Development of L2 Speech—Act Ability
2．2 Methodological Issues with ILP Developmental Studies
2．2．1 Corpus Approach to ILP Development
2．2．2 Emergence Pattern as Indicator of Development
2．3 Chapter Summary
Chapter 3 An Overview of Hedging Studies in the Literature
3．1 Development of the Concept of Hedging
3．2 Studies of Hedges in Academic Writing
3．3 Studies of Hedges in Spoken Discourse
3．4 Studies on Hedge Comprehension
3．5 Studies on L2 Learners'' Hedges
3．6 Taxonomy of Hedges in the Literature
Chapter 4 Theoretical Framework for the Study
4．1 Grammatical， Pragmatic and Semantic Properties of Hedges
4．2 Establishing Hedging Categories for the Study
4．2．1 Modal Hedges
4．2．2 Mental Hedges and Performative Hedges
4．2．3 Pragmatic—Marker Hedges
4．2．4 Quantificational Hedges
4．2．5 Section Summary
4．3 Criteria and Guidelines for Hedge Identification Chapter 5 Research Design and Data Collection
5．1 Research Questions
5．2 Participants in the Study
5．3 Instruments for Data Collection
5．3．1 Rationale for Instrument Making
5．3．2 Instrument Design and Piloting
5．4 Data Collection
Chapter 6 Data Analyses
6．1 Data Coding
6．2 Hedge Categories Emerging from the Data
6．3 Hedge Identification and Related Problems
6．3．1 Analyzing Modal Shields
6．3．2 Analyzing Quantificational Approximators and NI Approximators
6．3．3 Analyzing Performative Shields
6．3．4 Analyzing Pragmatic—Marker Hedges
Chapter 7 Results
7．1 Development in Quantificational Approximators
7．1．1 Quantificational Approximators at JH Level
Chapter 8 Discussion
Chapter 9 Conclusion
References
Appendix
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