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『簡體書』美国学生世界历史(英汉双语版)(上下册): 西方家庭学校经典教材与经典读物

書城自編碼: 2002162
分類: 簡體書→大陸圖書→中小學教輔拓展读物
作者: 维吉尔
國際書號(ISBN): 9787201077796
出版社: 天津人民出版社
出版日期: 2012-12-01
版次: 1 印次: 1
頁數/字數: 全2册/600000
書度/開本: 16开 釘裝: 平装

售價:NT$ 568

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《 《帮助你的孩子爱上阅读》 》
內容簡介:
To give the child some idea of what has gone on in the world
before he arrived;
To take him out of his little self-centered, shut-in life, which
looms so large because it is so close to his eyes;
To extend his horizon, broaden his view, and open up the visits
down the ages past;
To acquaint him with some of the big events and great names and
fix these in time and space as a basis for detailed study in the
future;
To give him a chronological file with main guides, into which he
can fit in its proper place all his further historical study—
Is the purpose of this first SURVEY OF THE WORLD’S HISTORY.
⊙让孩子知道一些他们来到这世界之前就已经发生的事情;
⊙带孩子走出以自我为中心、封闭在家的生活,这种生活显得过于重要,因为太贴近,就成为孩子们眼中的一切,使他们看不到外面的世界;
⊙开阔孩子的眼界,拓宽他们的视野,将过去时代的历史画面展现在他们面前;
⊙让他们熟悉历史上一些重大事件和伟人的名字,并把这些事和人在时间和空间上确定下来,作为将来系统学习的基础;
⊙向孩子提供一份历史编年档案,并附有要览,这样他们今后学习历史就可以参照这份档案。
以上所述就是写这第一本世界历史故事的宗旨。
——维吉尔?M?希利尔(卡尔佛特首任校长,本书作者)
關於作者:
维吉尔·M·希利尔(Virgil Mores
Hillyer,1875-1931)1875年出生于美国马萨诸塞州韦茅斯,他在华盛顿特区的“国会山”度过其童年,毕业于美国哈佛大学。他是美国著名教育家、卡尔佛特学校首任校长、美国家庭学校(HOMESCHOOL)课程体系创建者。
作为一位教育革新者,希利尔在美国国内和国际上获得了广泛声誉和影响力。他从事教育工作的同时,亲自为孩子们编写教材,在课堂上试讲并修订,受到学校和学生们的赞誉,不少教材至今仍被学校使用。如《美国学生世界地理》、《美国学生世界历史》、《美国学生艺术史》等。他一直探索家庭学校教育理念并设计其课程体系,写作了一本家庭学校教育手册——《在家教出好孩子》,成为父母教育孩子的指南。
目錄
01 How Things Started ◆ 万物起源
02 People Who Lived in Caves ◆ 穴居人
03 Fire! Fire!! Fire!!! ◆ 火!火!火!
04 From an Airplane ◆ 从飞机上往下看
05 Real History Begins ◆ 真正的历史从此开始
06 The Puzzle Writers in Egypt ◆ 埃及之谜的作者
07 The Tomb Builders ◆ 建造陵墓的人
08 A Rich Land Where There Was No Money ◆ 没有钱的富饶之地
09 The Jews Search For a Home ◆ 寻找家园的犹太人
10 Fairy-Tale Gods ◆ 神话故事中的众神
11 A Fairy-Tale War ◆ 神话故事中的战争
12 The Kings of the Jews ◆ 犹太国王
13 The People Who Made Our ABC’s ◆ 发明字母ABC 的人
14 Hard as Nails ◆ 像铁钉一样坚硬
15 The Crown of Leaves ◆ 桂冠
16 A Bad Beginning ◆ 邪恶的开端
17 Kings with Corkscrew Curls ◆ 长着螺旋形卷发的国王们
18 A City of Wonders and Wickedness ◆ 奇迹和邪恶并存的城市
19 A Surprise Party ◆ 遭到突袭的宴会
20 The Other Side of the World: India ◆ 世界的另一边:印度
21 All the Way Around the World in China ◆ 中国人的世界
22 Rich Man, Poor Man ◆ 雅典的富人和穷人
23 Rome Kicks Out Her Kings ◆ 罗马人撵走了国王
24 Greece vs. Persia ◆ 希腊对波斯
25 Fighting Mad ◆ 战争狂
26 One Against a Thousand ◆ 以一挡千
27 The Golden Age ◆ 黄金时代
28 When Greek Meets Greek ◆ 当希腊人遇上希腊人
29 Wise Men and Otherwise ◆ 智者和愚人
30 A Boy King ◆ 少年国王
31 Picking a Fight ◆ 寻衅斗殴
32 The Boot Kicks and Stamps ◆ 靴子的反击和践踏
33 The New Champion of the World ◆ 新的世界冠军
34 The Noblest Roman of Them All ◆ 罗马人中的最高贵者
35 An Emperor Who Was Made a God ◆ 被看做神明的皇帝
36 “ Thine is the Kingdom, the Power, and the Glory”
“国度、权柄、荣耀,全是你的”
37 Blood and Thunder ◆ 血和雷
38 A Good Emperor and a Bad Son ◆ 好皇帝和他的坏儿子
39 I_H_ _S_ _ _ _V_ _ _ _ _ ◆ 靠服
40 Barbarian Invaders ◆ 野蛮的入侵者
41 Barbarians Meet the Champions of the World ◆
野蛮人遭遇世界霸主
42 New Places—New Heroes ◆ 新地方,新英雄
43 Being Good ◆ 为 善
44 A Christian Kingdom in Africa ◆ 非洲的一个基督教王国
45 Muhammad and the Early Years of Islam ◆ 穆罕默德和初期的伊斯兰教
46 Arabian Days ◆ 阿拉伯时代
47 Two Empires, Two Emperors ◆ 两个帝国,两个皇帝
48 Getting a Start ◆ 启 动
49 The End of the World ◆ 世界末日
50 Real Castles ◆ 真正的城堡
51 Knights and Days of Chivalry ◆ 骑士和骑士制度时期
52 A Pirate’s Great Grandson ◆ 海盗有个了不起的孙子
53 A Great Adventure ◆ 一次伟大的历险
54 Tick-Tack-Toe; Three Kings in a Row
画“连城”游戏,三个国王成一行
55 Three Kingdoms in West Africa ◆ 西非三个王国
56 Bibles Made of Stone and Glass ◆ 石头和玻璃制作的《圣经》
57 John, Whom Nobody Loved ◆ 没人喜欢的约翰
58 A Great Story Teller ◆ 一位了不起的讲故事的人
59 A Magic Needle and A Magic Powder ◆“ 魔针”和“魔粉”
60 Thelon Gest Wart Hate Verwas ◆ 历史上时间最长的战争
61 Print and Powder ◆ 印刷术和火药——新旧时代的交替
62 A Sailor Who Found a New World ◆ 一个发现“新”大陆的水手
63 Fortune Hunters ◆ 寻找财富的探险家
64 The Search for Gold and Adventure ◆ 寻金和探险
65 Along the Coast of East Africa ◆ 沿着东非海岸
66 Rebirth ◆ 再 生
67 Christians Quarrel ◆ 基督徒的争吵
68 Queen Elizabeth ◆ 伊丽莎白女王
69 The Age of Elizabeth ◆ 伊丽莎白时代
70 James the Servant ◆ 仆人詹姆斯
71 A King Who Lost His Head ◆ 掉了脑袋的国王
72 Red Cap and Red Heels ◆ 红帽子和红鞋跟
73 A Self-Made Man ◆ 靠自己奋斗成功的人
74 A Prince Who Ran Away ◆ 逃跑的王子
75 America Gets Rid of Her King ◆ 美国摆脱了国王
76 Upside Down ◆ 天翻地覆
77 A Little Giant ◆ 矮小的巨人
78 Latin America and the Caribbean Islands ◆
拉丁美洲和加勒比海群岛
79 From Pan and His Pipes to the Phonograph ◆
从森林之神的排箫到留声机
80 The Daily Papers of 1854-1865 ◆ 1854-1865 年的日报
81 Three New Postage Stamps ◆ 三张新邮票
82 The Age of Miracles ◆ 产生奇迹的时代
83 A Different Kind of Revolution ◆ 另一种革命
84 A World at War ◆ 陷入战争的世界
85 A Short Twenty Years ◆ 短短二十年
86 Modern Barbarians ◆ 现代“野蛮人”
87 Fighting the Dictators ◆ 对抗独裁者
88 A New Spirit in the World ◆ 世界新精神
89 Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow ◆ 昨天、今天、明天
內容試閱
02
People Who Lived in Caves
穴居人

How do you suppose I know about all these things that took place
so long ago?
I don’t.
I’m only guessing about them.
But there are different kinds of guesses. If I hold out my two
closed hands and ask you to guess which one has the penny in it,
that is one kind of a guess.
Your guess might be right or it might be wrong. It would be just
luck.
But there is another kind of guess. When there is snow on the
ground and I see tracks of a boot in the snow, I guess that a
person must have passed by, for boots don’t usually walk without
someone in them. That kind of guess is not just luck but common
sense.
So we can guess about a great many things that have taken place
long ago, even though there was no one there at the time to see
them or tell about them.
We have dug down deep under the ground in different parts of the
world and have found there—what do you suppose?
I don’t believe you would ever guess.
We have found the heads of arrows and spears and hatchets.
The peculiar thing about these arrows and spears and hatchets is
that they are not made of iron or steel, as you might expect, but
of stone.
Now, we are sure that only human beings could have made and used
such things, for birds and fish or other animals do not use
hatchets or spears. We are also sure that these people must have
lived long, long years ago before iron and steel were known,
because it must have taken long, long years for these things to
have become covered up so deep by dust and dirt. We have also found
the bones of the people themselves, who died several million years
ago, long before anyone began to write down history. The oldest
bones we have ever found were in East Africa. We know that people
long ago were working and playing, eating and fighting—doing many
of the same things we are today—especially the fighting.
This time in the prehistory of the world, when people used such
things made of stone, is therefore called the Stone Age.
Life was hard for Stone Age people. They didn’t have all the
things we are used to having today.
Some wild animals make houses. Foxes dig holes, beavers make
houses of sticks and mud. These first people probably had no houses
of any sort in which to live. They simply found any shelter they
could. They found caves in the rocks or in the hillsides where they
could get away from the cold and storms and wild animals. So men,
women, and children of this time were called Cave People.
They spent their days hunting some animals and running and hiding
from others. They caught animals by trapping them in a pit covered
over with bushes, or they killed them with a club or a rock if they
had a chance, or with stone headed arrows or hatchets. They even
painted or cut pictures of these animals on the walls of their
caves. Some of these pictures we can still see today.
They lived on berries and nuts and seeds. They robbed the nests
of birds for the eggs, which they ate raw, for at first they had no
fire with which to cook.
They liked to drink the warm blood of animals they killed, as you
would a glass of milk.
They talked to each other by some sort of grunts or very simple
words. They made clothes of skins of animals they killed, for there
was no such thing as cloth.
These early people must have spent most of their time hunting for
food or trying to get away from animals hunting them for food. They
had no thick hide like an elephant to protect them; they did not
grow a coat of fur like a bear to keep them warm; they could not
run very fast, like a deer to escape their enemies; they were no
match for an animal with sharp teeth and claws and strong muscles
like a lion. It’s a wonder any of them lived to grow up.
Stone Age people had two things that helped them more than sharp
claws, or strong muscles, or tough skins. They had better brains
than the animals. And they had hands instead of front feet. With
their brains they could think. They could think of ways of doing
things better.
With their brains they could think of using tools. With their
hands they could make tools and use them. Instead of sharp teeth,
men could use spears. In place of a furry skin to keep them warm,
men could use the skins of animals.
Suppose you had been a boy or a girl in the Stone Age. I wonder
how you would have liked the life.
When you woke up in the morning, you would not have bathed or
even washed your hands and face or brushed your teeth or combed
your hair.
You ate with your fingers, for there were no knives or forks or
spoons or cups or saucers, only one bowl—which your mother had made
out of mud and dried in the sun to hold water to drink—no dishes to
wash and put away, no chairs, no tables, no table manners.
There were no books, no paper, no pencils.
There was no Saturday or Sunday, January or July. Except that one
day was warm and sunny or another cold and rainy, they were all
alike. There was no school to go to.
There was nothing to do all day long but make mud pies or pick
berries or play tag with your brothers and sisters.
I wonder how you would like that kind of life!
“Fine!” do you think?—“a great life—just like camping out”?
But I have only told you part of the story.
The cave would have been cold and damp and dark, with only the
bare ground or a pile of leaves for a bed. There would probably
have been bats and big spiders sharing the cave with you.
You might have had on the skin of some animal your father had
killed, but as this only covered part of your body and as there was
no fire, you would have felt cold in winter, and when it got very
cold you might have frozen to death.
For breakfast you might have had some dried berries or grass seed
or a piece of raw meat, for lunch the same thing, for dinner still
the same thing.
You would never have had any bread or cheese or griddlecakes with
syrup, or oatmeal with sugar on it, or apple pie or ice
cream.
There was nothing to do all day long but watch out for wild
animals—bears and tigers; for there was no door with lock and key,
and a tiger, if he found you out, could go wherever you went and
“get you” even in your cave.
And then some day your father or brother, who had left the cave
in the morning to go hunting, would not return, and you would know
he had been torn to pieces by some wild beast, and you would wonder
how long before your turn would come.
Do you think you would like to have lived then?

【中文阅读】

你猜我怎么会知道如此久远以前发生的事情呢?
我并不知道。
我只是猜测罢了。
可是猜测有很多种。如果我伸出两只握紧的拳头,让你猜猜哪只手里有硬币,这是一种猜想。你可能猜对,可能猜错,全凭运气。
可是,还有一种猜想。如果地上有雪,看到雪地上靴子的印迹,我就会猜:一定有个人从这经过,因为靴子通常不会自己走路。这种猜想不只是靠运气,而且靠常识。
所以,我们能猜出很久以前发生的很多事情,即使当时没人看到,也没人告诉我们什么。
我们在世界各地向地下挖了很多深坑,在那里发现了——你猜是什么?
我想你一定猜不出来。
我们发现了箭头、矛尖和斧头!
这些箭啊,矛啊,斧啊,有什么不同寻常的吗?你可能已经猜出来了,它们不是用铁或钢做的,而是用石头做的。
现在,我们确信,只有人才能制造、使用这些东西,因为鸟类、鱼类或其他动物不使用斧头或长矛。我们还确信,这些人一定生活在很多很多年以前,早在人们知道钢和铁以前,因为这些东西要深埋在尘土下一定需要很长的时间。后来,我们也发现了这些人的骨头,他们在几百万年前就死去了,那时候还没有人记载历史呢。
最古老的人类化石发现于非洲东部。我们知道远古人类和现代人做的很多事情都是一样的——劳动、玩耍、吃饭、打仗,尤其是打仗。
人类使用石制工具的史前时期因此被称作“石器时代”。
对于石器时代的人类而言,生活是艰辛的,我们今天已经习以为常的东西他们一样也没有。
有些野生动物会做窝。狐狸会打洞,海狸用树枝和泥做窝。而早期的原始人可能没有任何一种房子居住,他们只要找个遮风避雨的地方就行了。他们在岩石上或山坡上找到洞穴,在里面既可以躲避严寒、暴风雨,又能躲避野兽。因此,这个时期的男人、女人和小孩被称为“穴居野人”。
他们整天不是捕猎一些动物,就是逃离和躲避另一些动物。他们在地上挖个陷阱,陷阱上面盖上树枝,以此来捕猎动物;如果有机会,就直接用棍棒、石头打死动物,或者用石制的箭或斧头猎杀动物。他们甚至在他们居住的洞穴墙上画上或刻上这些动物,有些图画至今还清晰可见。
他们以浆果、坚果和植物的种子为食,有时也从鸟窝里掏鸟蛋生吃,因为刚开始,他们还没有烧饭的火。他们喜欢喝刚刚猎杀的动物的热血,就像你们喜欢喝杯牛奶一样。
他们口中发出咕哝、咕哝的声音,或者用非常简单的词语交谈。他们用自己猎杀的动物的皮做衣服,因为当时还没有像布这样的东西。
早期的人一定把大部分时间都用来猎捕动物为食,或者躲避动物以免成为动物的猎物。他们没有大象那样的厚皮保护自己,他们没有熊身上的厚毛保暖,他们无法像鹿儿躲避敌人时那样快速地奔跑,他们更比不上像狮子那种有着尖牙、利爪和强健肌肉的动物。他们中任何人能活着长大就是一个奇迹了。
石器时代的人有两样东西帮助他们胜过利爪、强健肌肉和坚硬皮毛。他们有比动物聪明得多的头脑和替代了前掌的双手。有了头脑,他们就可以思考,就可以想出更好地做事的方法。
有了头脑,人就可以想到使用工具。有了双手,人就可以制造和使用工具。没有尖牙,人可以使用长矛。没长毛皮,人可以用动物的皮毛来保暖。
假设你就是一个生活在石器时代的男孩或女孩,我不知道你觉得这样的生活怎么样。
每天早晨起床,你都不洗澡,甚至不洗手、不洗脸、不刷牙、不梳头发。
你用手指抓东西吃,因为既没有刀叉,也没有勺子、茶杯或茶碟,只有一个碗
——你妈妈用泥做的、放在阳光下晒干后用来盛水喝——也没有需要清洗和收拾的盘子,没有桌椅,更不需要餐桌礼仪了。
没有书,没有纸,没有铅笔。
没有周六、周日,也没有一月、七月,除了暖和的晴天、阴冷的雨天这样的区别,所有的日子都一个样。当然,也没有去上学的学校。
除了捏捏泥团,摘摘浆果,和你的兄弟姐妹玩玩捉迷藏,你会整天无事可做。
我很想知道你喜欢这样的生活吗!
“ 很好!”你这样想吗?——“真棒——就像露营一样”?
但是,我告诉你们的只是生活的一部分。
山洞又冷又湿又暗,仅有光秃秃的地面或一堆树叶作床,可能还有蝙蝠和巨型蜘蛛与你分享山洞。
你身上可能裹着你父亲猎杀的某种动物的毛皮,但因为它只遮住身体的一部分,也因为没有火,所以冬天你会觉得冷,天气特别寒冷时,你甚至会冻死。
早餐可能只是一些干果、草籽或一片生肉,午餐同样如此,晚餐还是同样如此。
你吃不到面包、奶酪、煎饼加果汁、加糖麦片、苹果派或冰激凌。
整天你都会无事可做,但时刻要提防野兽——熊啊,老虎啊;没有配了锁或钥匙的门,所以,如果一只老虎发现了你,就可能跟着你到任何地方,甚至就在你住的山洞里也能“把你逮到”。
说不定有一天,你的父亲或兄弟早晨出了山洞去狩猎,就再也没回来,你知道他是被某个野兽撕成了碎片,你不知道还有多久这样的厄运就会降临在你身上。你还觉得你喜欢生活在那个时候吗?
……

 

 

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