前言
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Defining and Classifying DMs
2.1 DMs in English and Chinese
2.2 Functional diversity of DMs
2.3 Classification of DMs
2.4 Instantiating the pragmatic functions of DMs in Hongloumeng
2.4.1 Opinion-indicating
2.4.2 Deduction-eliciting
2.4.3 Evidence-quoting
2.4.4 Topic-initiating
2.4.5 Fact-revealing
2.4.6 Cause-and-effect identifying
2.5 Summary
Chapter 3 Toward a Working Translation Critierion:Construal Equivalence
3.1 Traditional translation criteria
3.1.1 Traditional Chinese translation criteria:fidelity based on aesthetics
3.1.2 Traditional western translation criteria:equivalence based on linguistics
3.2 Toward a working translation criterion:construal equivalence
3.2.1 Relationship between cognitive semantics and translation
3.2.2 Definition of construal
3.2.3 A working translation criterion:construal equivalence
3.3 Factors affecting construal equivalence
3.3.1 Linguistic factors
3.3.2 The translator''s manipulation
3.4 Significance of translation equivalence
3.5 Summary
Chapter 4 Strategies in Relation to Perspective-based Equivalence
4.1 Shifts in narrative points of view
4.2 Synesthetic shifts
4.3 Shifts between human senses and mental processes
4.4 Shifts between human senses and other processes
4.5 Shifts between mental processes
4.6 Shifts from generality to concreteness
4.7 Syntactic shifts
4.8 Summary
Chapter 5 Strategies in Relation to Prominence-based Equivalence
5.1 Transposition
5.2 Literal translation
5.3 Transmigration
5.4 Structural parallelism
5.5 Summary
Chapter 6 Strategies in Relation to Background-based and Specificity-based Equivalence
6.1 Domestication
6.2 Foreignization
6.3 Holism
6.4 Summary
Chapter 7 Implications and Future Perspectives
References
Appendixes
Appendix A Translation of Opinion-indicators
Appendix B Translation of Deduction-elicitors
Appendix C Translation of Evidence Quoters
Appendix D Translation of Topicalizers
Appendix E Translation of Fact-revealers
Appendix F Translation of Cause-and-effect Identifiers
內容試閱：
Introduction
Hongloumeng1 is one of the canonical works in the history of Chinese literature. Zhou Ruchang once made this comment:
If you intend to know about the cultural characteristics of the Chinese nation, the best way, interesting and expedient, is to peruse Hongloumeng. It is a ‘cultural novel’ which is unprecedented and unique to the Chinese nation in the long history of China. It is a work that is the most representative of Chinese national culture.2
2009:4-9 the author’s translation
Indeed, since the first publication of Hongloumeng in the Qing dynasty, numerous readers have been enchanted and infatuated by the charm and glamour of Cao Xueqin’s language. Scholars have paid special attention to it and tried to conduct research from various per-
1 According to Jiang Fan’s 2007: 20-23 research on the title translation of the novel, David Hawkes 1973-1980 translates it as The Story of the Stone while Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang 1978-1980 render it as A Dream of
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